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[circuits/float]: standalone package for fixed-point encrypted arithmetic over the reals/complexes.
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@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Classified as an _approximate decryption_ scheme, the CKKS scheme is secure as l
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This attack demonstrates that, when using an approximate homomorphic encryption scheme, the usual CPA security may not sufficient depending on the application setting. Many applications do not require to share the result with external parties and are not affected by this attack, but the ones that do must take the appropriate steps to ensure that no key-dependent information is leaked. A homomorphic encryption scheme that provides such functionality and that can be secure when releasing decrypted plaintext to external parties is defined to be CPA<sup>D</sup> secure. The corresponding indistinguishability notion (IND-CPA<sup>D</sup>) is defined as "indistinguishability under chosen plaintext attacks with decryption oracles."
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# CPA<sup>D</sup> Security for CKKS
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# CPA<sup>D</sup> Security for Approximate Homomorphic Encryption
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Lattigo implements tools to mitigate _Li and Micciancio_'s attack. In particular, the decoding step of CKKS (and its real-number variant R-CKKS) allows the user to specify the desired fixed-point bit-precision.
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Let $\epsilon$ be the scheme error after the decoding step. We compute the bit precision of the output as $\log_{2}(1/\epsilon)$.
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